Understanding Gum Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Options

What is gum disease?

Gum disease is also known as periodontal disease, it is generally categorised in two main stages:

• Gingivitis - this is inflammation of the gums and typically reversible.

• Periodontitis - This is a condition which occurs once gingivitis progresses, it starts to destroy tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, this stage is generally irreversible.

The process of gum disease is primarily caused by a build-up of plaque/bacteria around the teeth. This causes a natural inflammatory response by the body which results in the destruction of surrounding structures, such as gum and bone. This leads to teeth becoming looser and eventually lost.

How is gum disease diagnosed?

This will involve a thorough examination of the gums and discussion of oral hygiene regime, to form an accurate diagnosis and help establish the main cause of gum disease. One main diagnostic tool when measuring the extent of gum disease, is measuring the length of a ‘pocket’ which forms between the tooth and gum.

What does the treatment of gum disease involve?

Treatment will depend on how deep the pockets are. Treatment can range from basic scaling (removal of superficial tartar) to deep scaling (this involves cleaning out the pockets and may take a few sessions). Deep scaling may or may not involve the use of local anaesthetic to numb the area if you experience sensitivity.

If there are factors which are in your control, this will be discussed as part of the treatment plan. It is important to know, once gum disease has been diagnosed, it will take hard work and maintenance by you, your dentist and hygienist to achieve stabilisation.

What happens if I do nothing?

Teeth are likely to become looser as more bone will be lost. This can also affect your long-term tooth replacement options.

Once periodontal disease has been diagnosed, regular dental check-ups and cleanings are crucial for early detection and prevention. If the disease has not improved after intervention, it may be necessary to see a specialist (Periodontist).

Ask a member of staff for details when you next visit us, or simply contact our friendly team.

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